INTRODUCTION:

Hairs are an integral part of human beauty. Since ancient times, people have used medicinal plants for cleanliness, cosmetics and management. Synthetic agents have taken a bigger share after the time has passed, but people are now aware of their harmful effects on the skin and eyes. These regions have attracted her herbal products, which are cheaper and have negligible side effects. Hair cleansers or shampoos are used not only for cleanliness, but also to make the hair shine and maintain its management and coordination.¹

Ideal Characteristics of Shampoo:

1 Should effectively and completely remove the dust, excessive sebum.

2 Should effectively wash hair.

3 Should product a good amount of foam

4 The shampoo should be easily removed by rinsing with water.

5 Should leave the hair non dry, soft, lustrous with good, manageability.

6 Should impart a pleasant fragrance to the hair.

7 Should not make the hand rough and chapped.

8 Should not have any side effects or cause irritation to skin or eye.²

Composition of Shampoo:

1 Surfactant

2 Antidandruff agent

3 Conditioning agent

4 Pearlescent agent

5 Sequestrants

6 Thickening agent

7 Colures, perfumes and preservative²

Shampoos are of the following types: ¹²

· Powder Shampoo

· Liquid Shampoo

· Lotion Shampoo

· Cream Shampoo

· Jelly Shampoo

· Aerosol Shampoo

· Specialized Shampoo

· Conditioning Shampoo

· Anti‐dandruff Shampoo

· Baby Shampoo

· Two Layer Shampoo

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

Selected herbal drugs in dried form were purchased from the authenticated agencies. Herbs along with their part used in shampoo and quantity taken are tabulated in Table 1.^3-5

Preparation of the herbal shampoo powder:

All the required powders for shampoo preparation were weighed individually, passed through sieve no.120 mesh and mixed in ascending order by weight with continuous trituration⁶. Total two batches of each preparation were prepared labeled and kept in closed container for further studies.

Table 1: Herbal drugs used in powder shampoo formulation SN1 & SN 2

Constituents	Biological source/family	Uses	Quantity Sample SN-I (%)	Quantity Sample SN-II (%)
Harada (Myrobalan)	Dried ripe fruits of Terminalia chebula (Combretaceae)	Hair Growth Promoter	6.25	6.25
Bahera	Dried ripe fruits Terminalia bellirica (Combretaceae)	Provides nutrition to growing hair	9.37	9.37
Amla	Dried ripe fruits of Embelica officinalis (Euphorbiaceae)	Hair growth promoter	12.5	7.5
Neem	Dried leaves of Azadirachta indica (Miliaceae)	Antiseptic antibacterial	3.12	3.12
Tulsi	Dried leaves of Ocimum santum (Labiateal)	Antibacterial	0.6	0.6
Shikakai	Dried seeds of Acacia rugate (Leguminesue)	Foam base	5	10
Hibiscus	Dried Leaves of Hibisucus Rosea (Malvaceae)	Conditioner	5	10
Brahmi	Dried leaves of Centlla asiatica (Umbelliferae)	Support Health of Hair	3.75	3.75
Aloevera Powder	Dried leaves of Aloe barbadensis miller (Asphodelaceae)	Moisturizer And Conditioner	9.37	9.37
Bhringraj	Dried leaves of Eclipta Alba (Asteraceae)	Hair tonic	6.25	6.25

Evaluation of Herbal Shampoo Powder:

A. Organoleptic evaluation:

Organoleptic evaluation on the parameters like colour, odour taste and texture was carried out. Colour

and texture was evaluated by vision and touch sensation respectively. For taste and odour evaluation a team of five taste and odour sensitive persons was formed and random sampling was performed.¹

B. General powder characteristic:

General powder characteristics includes evaluation of those parameters which are going to affect the external properties (like flow properties, appearance, packaging criteria etc.) of the preparation.

a. Particle size is a parameter, which could affect various properties like spreadability, grittiness etc., particle size was determined by sieving method by using I.P. Standard sieves by mechanical shaking for 10 Min.

b. Angle of repose affects the flow properties of a powder. It was determined by glass funnel method. A distance of 2cm is maintained between the graph paper and the bottom of a powder. It was determined by glass funnel. Flowing is continued till the top of the heap touches the bottom of funnel¹¹.

c. Bulk density is an important property for the packaging of product. For measuring bulk density a weighted amount of powder was introduced in 100ml graduated cylinder. The cylinder is fixed on bulk density apparatus and bulk density was calculated^7-8.

d. Tapped density is an increased bulk density attained after mechanically tapping a container containing the powder sample. After observing the initial powder volume or mass, the measuring cylinder or vessel is mechanically tapped for 1 min and volume or mass readings are taken until little further volume or mass change was observed. It was expressed in grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm3)⁶.

C. Physicochemical Evaluation:

a. pH:

The pH of 10% shampoo solution in distilled water was determined at room temperature 25°C. The pH was measured by using digital pH Meter.

b. Washability:

Formulations were applied on the skin and then ease and extent of washing with water were checked manually.

c. Solubility:

Solubility is defined as the ability of the substance to soluble in a solvent. One gram of the powder is weighed accurately and transferred into a beaker containing 100 ml of water. This was shaken well and warmed to increase the solubility. Then cooled and filtered it, the residue obtained is weighed and noted.

d. Skin /eye irritation test:

The eye and skin irritation tests revealed that the herbal shampoo powder shows no harmful effect on skin and eye. This is due to the absence of synthetic surfactants. Most of the synthetic surfactants produce inflammation of the eyelid and corneal irritation. But in this formulation of herbal shampoo powder, the uses of all ingredients are obtained naturally. So it does not produce any harmful effect on skin and eye.

e. Ash value:

About 2 Gm of powder drug was taken in silicon dish previously ignited and weighed. Temperature was increased by gradually increasing the heat not exceeding to red colour. After complete burning, ash is cooled and weighed^10-11.

f. Acid insoluble ash:

Acid insoluble ash was calculated by boiling above obtained ash with 25ml dil. HCl for 5min, insoluble matter was collected in gooch crucible, washed with hot water, ignited and weighed^10-11.

g. Dirt Dispersion:

Two drops of 1% each shampoo powders were added in a large test tube contain 10 ml of distilled water. 1 drop of India ink was added; the test tube was closed and shaken for 10 times. The amount of ink in the foam of was estimated as None, Light, Moderate, or Heavy⁹.

h. Moisture Content Determination:

10 g of each herbal shampoo powder was weighed in a tare evaporating dish and kept in hot air oven at 1050C. Repeated the drying until the constant weight loss was observed after the interval of 30 minutes. The moisture content was calculated for each sample⁹.

i. Extractive Values:

I. Determination of alcohol soluble extractive:

5 g of the each air dried herbal shampoo powder was weighed and macerated with 100 ml of Alcohol of the specified strength in a closed flask for twenty-four hours, shaked frequently during six hours and allowed to stand for eighteen hours. Filtered, by taking precautions against loss of solvent, 25 ml of the filtrate was evaporated to dryness in a tare flat bottomed shallow dish, and dry at 105 0C, to constant weight and weighed. The percentage of alcohol-soluble extractive with reference to the air-dried drug was calculated⁹.

II. Determination of water soluble extractive:

Proceeded as directed for the determination of alcohol soluble extractive, using chloroform water instead of ethanol. The percentage of water-soluble extractive was calculated for each sample⁹.

j. Foaming Capacity:

Foaming capacity of the test herbal powder shampoos (SN-I& SN-II) were calculated using foam stability test with 2 grams of powder with 50 ml water in a graduated cylinder for different time intervals.

k. Ease of distribution: Ease of distribution was performed by applying 5ml of the formulation over the wet hair and the time taken to complete the distribution was measured¹⁴.

l. Ease of rinsing:

The time taken to remove the detergent was performed by applying 5 ml of the shampoo and time taken for complete removal of frothing from wash water was determined.

m. Ease of combing (Wet):

Ease of combing was performed by passing a comb through the wet hair and checking whether the comb glides smoothly.

n. Ease of Combing (Dry): Ease of combing was performed by passing a comb through the dry hair and checking whether the comb glides smoothly¹⁴.

RESULTS:

Evaluation results of herbal shampoo powder are tabulated as follow:

A) Organoleptic evaluation:

Table 2: Organoleptic evaluation parameters and results

Sr. No.	Organoleptic evaluation	Sample I	Sample II
1	Colour	Greenish brown	Greenish brown
2	Odour	Slight pleasant	Slight pleasant
3	Taste	Characteristics	Characteristics
4	Texture	Fine smooth	Fine smooth

B) General powder characteristics:

Table 3: General powder characteristics and results

Sr. No.	General powder characteristic	Sample-I	Sample-II
1	Particle size	20-25µm	20-25µm
2	Angle of repose	29.68⁰	28.36⁰
3	Bulk density	0.47gm/ml	0.40 gm/ml
4	Tapped density	0.52gm/ml	0.48 gm/ml

Table 4: Calculation for Angle of repose of herbal shampoo

Method	Height of cone (cm)	Radius of cone (cm)	tan θ = (h/r)	Average tan θ	θ = tan-1 (h/r)	Flow property
Funnel method	2	3.5	0.57	0.57	29.68⁰	Good

Table 5: Bulk density calculation of herbal shampoo

Sr. No.	Bulk of volume (ml)	Mass of the Powder (g)	Bulk density (g/ml)	Average bulk density (g/ml)
1	42	20	0.47	0.47
2	42	20	0.47
3	42	20	0.47

Table 6: Tapped density calculation of herbal shampoo

Sr. No.	Tapped volume (ml)	Mass of the powder (g)	Tapped density (g/ml)	Average tapped Density (g/ml)
1	38	20	0.52	0.52
2	38	20	0.52
3	38	20	0.52

C) Physiochemical Evaluation:

Table 7: Foam stability of Shampoo

Time (min)	Foam Volume (ml)
1	130	146
2	126	142
3	122	139
4	119	136

Table 8: Physicochemical properties

Sr. No.	Physicochemical evaluation	Sample -I	Sample -II
1	PH	5.52	5.55
2	Washability	Easily washable	Easily washable
3	Skin / eye irritation	No harmful effect on the skin	No harmful effect on the skin
4	Foaming capacity	Good foaming (132)	Good foaming (145)
5	Extractive values:a)Alcohol soluble b) water soluble	28.25%w/w 25.00%w/w	30.60%w/w 25.15%xw/w
6	Ash value: a) Total ash value b) Acid insoluble ash	4.58 1.98	4.50 2.05
7	Dirt dispersion	Moderate	Light
8	Moisture content	3.61%	3.78%
9	Solubility	Soluble (sparingly)	Soluble
10	Ease of distribution	Better	Best
11	Ease of rinsing	Best	Best
12	Ease of combing (wet)	Better	Best
13	Ease of combing (dry)	Best	Best

DISCUSSION:

Two formulations SN-I and SN-II of herbal powder were prepared using Harada, Bahera, Amla, Shikakai, Neem, Tulsi, Henna and Bramhi in different composition (Table-1) of crude drugs. The various quality control parameters were checked. All parameter gives favorable result. The result obtained on present study shows that the active ingredients of these drugs when incorporated in shampoo gives more stable products with good aesthetic appeal. General powder characteristics of both formulations were found nearly same. The extractive values (% w/w) in organic solvents like petroleum ether, chloroform benzene, acetone and methanol was calculated which shown in Table 2. Moisture content was found to be 3.61% w/w and 3.78% w/w respectively for SN-I and SN-II formulations. The pH was found to be 5-6 for both the formulations (Table 8). Other formulation evaluations are shown in Table 8.

CONCLUSION:

Today, globalization is needed and herbal medicines are contributing to the beauty of the global market, health care, hair preparation and hair preparation. That's why we conclude that the powdered herbal shampoo formula reduces swelling, reduces side effects and improves conditioning. These studies are preliminary, but the evaluation value presented for the honesty of herbal powder shampoo will be helpful. It has been concluded that two shampoo powders are good and that all the expected properties are based on humidity time, foam stability, dirt and cleanliness. Shampoo-II is more acceptable. Powder shampoo comes in the form of dry powder There is no further change in the stability and durability of the long store.

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Received on 19.07.2019 Accepted on 24.09.2019

Research J. Topical and Cosmetic Sci. 10(2): July- Dec. 2019 page 61-64.

DOI: 10.5958/2321-5844.2019.00013.X